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越南琴匠“知音故里”遇知音******

　　中新社武汉2月1日电 题：越南琴匠“知音故里”遇知音

　　作者 武一力

　　踏入武汉东湖大李村，丝丝缕缕琴声不绝于耳，时而清脆，时而雄浑。在一座名为“南天坊”的古朴院落内，主人阮延俊抚琴而歌，三五宾客围炉而坐，听琴品茗。

　　“古琴，是我在武汉遇到的‘知音’。”阮延俊近日接受中新社记者采访时说。

　　阮延俊来自越南广治省，是一名古琴演奏家、斫琴师。18年前，热爱中国文化的他来到华中师范大学研习中国古代文学，成为文学博士。毕业后，阮延俊留在武汉，传授古琴演奏和斫琴技艺。

　　中国传统乐器古琴，至今已有3000多年历史。而武汉是“知音故里”，伯牙抚琴遇知音子期的故事就发生在这里。

　　学好中国乐器绝非易事。起初，阮延俊一有空就泡在图书馆查阅古琴文献，从北宋《碧落子斫琴法》，到中国现存最早的琴曲专集《神奇秘谱》，一本本“啃”，一曲曲练。“许多古籍都是竖排繁体，晦涩难懂，我要花大功夫查资料、请教师长，以便了解其中的历史文化。”阮延俊说。

　　比读古籍更难的，是认琴谱。阮延俊家中有一面刻满字的墙，看似汉字，却非汉字。他介绍，这是古琴减字谱，用汉字中某一字或偏旁减笔来表示弹奏的弦数、徽位、左右手指法，如勾、挑、抹等，是五线谱无法取代的。作为演奏者，必须将减字谱熟记于心。

　　“善琴者善斫。”斫琴，即制琴，学会了演奏，阮延俊开始自学斫琴。古琴制作皆沿古法，要经过涂生漆、刮灰胎、上弦调音等百余道工序，制作一床琴平均耗时三年。

　　“槽腹是斫琴关键的一步，决定古琴的音质。”阮延俊一手按着古琴面板，一手拿着铲刀，顺着木纹反复将槽腹打磨至适宜的厚度。他时不时用食指叩击面板，侧耳倾听低音是否纯粹浑厚，高音是否清亮通透。

　　以琴为伴，亦以琴会友。阮延俊还记得多年前亲手制作的第一床古琴，那时还在上学的他囊中羞涩，只能在网上买便宜的材料制琴。当老板得知这位外国小伙痴迷中国乐器，豪爽地将材料免费寄给他。如今，两人已成了无话不谈的“琴友”。

　　扎根中国18年，阮延俊踏遍中国名山大川，朋友遍及南北各地。他和自己的博士生导师戴建业不仅成了知音，更是情同父子，每天打电话分享生活见闻、交流学习心得。今年春节，阮延俊照例邀请师长、好友来家里小聚，弹弹琴、聊聊天。

　　阮延俊还收养了小狗“巍巍”和流浪猫“洋洋”，分别取自俞伯牙钟子期“高山流水”故事中的“巍巍乎若泰山”和“洋洋乎若江河”。“从某种意义上说，它们也是我的知音。”他笑道。

　　阮延俊心中一直有个愿望：将古琴带回家乡。“音乐无国界，我计划在家乡建设一个以古琴为主的中国传统文化传播基地。”(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）